#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct {
	unsigned int id, refs, ptr;
	char *a, *b, key[0x10];
} Rule;

static int flip, quiet, cycles = 0x10000;
static Rule rules[0x1000], *rules_ = rules, lambda;
static char dict[0x8000], *dict_ = dict;
static char bank_a[0x4000], *src_ = bank_a;
static char bank_b[0x4000], *dst_ = bank_b;

#define spacer(c) (c <= ' ' || c == '(' || c == ')')

static char *
walk(char *s)
{
	char c;
	int depth = 0;
	if(*s == '(') {
		while((c = *s++)) {
			if(c == '(') depth++;
			if(c == ')') --depth;
			if(!depth) return s;
		}
	}
	while((c = *s) && !spacer(c)) s++;
	return s;
}

static int
write_reg(char r, char *reg)
{
	char c, *cap = walk(reg);
	switch(r) {
	case ':': /* op: output */
		if(*reg == '(') reg++, --cap;
		while(reg < cap) {
			c = *reg++;
			if(c == '\\') {
				switch(*reg++) {
				case 't': putc(0x09, stdout); break;
				case 'n': putc(0x0a, stdout); break;
				case 's': putc(0x20, stdout); break;
				}
			} else
				putc(c, stdout);
		}
		return 0;
	case '~': /* op: input */
		while(fread(&c, 1, 1, stdin) && c >= ' ')
			*dst_++ = c;
		return 1;
	case '^': /* op: join */
		if(*reg == '(') reg++, --cap;
		while(reg < cap && (c = *reg++))
			if(!spacer(c)) *dst_++ = c;
		return 1;
	case '.': /* op: unwrap */
		if(*reg == '(') reg++, --cap;
		while(reg < cap) *dst_++ = *reg++;
		return 1;
	case '*': { /* op: explode */
		int i, depth = 0;
		if(*reg == '(' && reg[1] != ')') { /* tuple */
			reg++;
			while(reg < cap) {
				while((c = *reg) && !spacer(c))
					*dst_++ = c, reg++;
				*dst_++ = ' ';
				*dst_++ = '(', reg++, depth++;
			}
		} else /* token */
			while((c = *reg++) && !spacer(c))
				*dst_++ = c, *dst_++ = ' ', *dst_++ = '(', depth++;
		for(i = 0; i < depth; i++) *dst_++ = ')';
		return 1;
	}
	default:
		while(reg < cap) *dst_++ = *reg++;
		return 1;
	}
}

static int
write_rule(Rule *r, char *s, int create)
{
	while((*dst_++ = *s++))
		;
	*dst_++ = 0;
	if((flip = !flip))
		src_ = bank_b, dst_ = bank_a;
	else
		src_ = bank_a, dst_ = bank_b;
	if(!quiet) {
		if(create)
			fprintf(stderr, "<> (%s) (%s)\n", r->a, r->b);
		else
			fprintf(stderr, "%02d %s\n", r->id, src_), ++r->refs;
	}
	return 1;
}

static int
apply_rule(Rule *r, char *s)
{
	char c, *a = r->a, *regs[0x08] = {NULL}, *reg;
	/* phase: match rule */
	while((c = *a)) {
		if(c == '?') {
			char *pcap = walk(s);
			unsigned int id = *(++a) - '0';
			if((reg = regs[id])) { /* reg cmp */
				char *rcap = walk(reg), *pp = s;
				while(reg < rcap || pp < pcap)
					if(*reg++ != *pp++) return 0;
			} else /* reg set */
				regs[id] = s;
			a++, s = pcap;
			if(!spacer(*a))
				while((c = *a) && !spacer(c)) a++;
			continue;
		}
		if(c != *s) return 0;
		a++, s++;
	}
	/* phase: write rule */
	if(!(c = *s) || spacer(c)) {
		char *b = r->b, *origin = dst_;
		while((c = *b++)) {
			if(c == '?' && (unsigned int)(*b - '0') < 9) {
				unsigned int id = *b - '0';
				if((reg = regs[id])) {
					b++;
					if(!write_reg(r->key[id], reg) && dst_ != origin) dst_--;
				} else
					*dst_++ = c;
			} else
				*dst_++ = c;
		}
		if(dst_ == origin) {
			while(*s == ' ') s++;
			if(*s == ')' && *(dst_ - 1) == ' ') dst_--;
		}
		return write_rule(r, s, 0);
	}
	return 0;
}

static char *
parse_frag(char *s)
{
	char c, *cap;
	while((c = *s) && c == ' ') s++;
	if(c != ')' && !(c == '<' && s[1] == '>')) {
		cap = walk(s);
		if(c == '(') {
			s++;
			while(s < cap - 1) *dict_++ = *s++;
			s++;
		} else
			while(s < cap) *dict_++ = *s++;
	}
	*dict_++ = 0;
	return s;
}

static void
compile_rule(Rule *r)
{
	int i;
	char c, *s;
	r->ptr = 0;
	s = r->a;
	while((c = *s++)) { /* left */
		if(c == '?') {
			int reg = -1;
			for(i = 0; i < (int)r->ptr; i++)
				if(r->key[i] == *s) {
					reg = i;
					break;
				}
			if(reg < 0 && *s != '(')
				r->key[r->ptr] = *s, reg = r->ptr++;
			*s = '0' + reg;
		}
	}
	s = r->b;
	while((c = *s++)) { /* right */
		if(c == '?') {
			for(i = 0; i < (int)r->ptr; i++)
				if(r->key[i] == *s) {
					*s = '0' + i;
					break;
				}
		}
	}
}

static int
rewrite(void)
{
	char c, last = 0, *cap, *s = src_;
	while(*s == ' ') s++;
	while((c = *s)) {
		if(spacer(last)) {
			Rule *r = NULL;
			if(c == '<' && s[1] == '>') { /* rule */
				r = rules_++, r->id = rules_ - rules - 1;
				r->a = dict_, s = parse_frag(s + 2);
				r->b = dict_, s = parse_frag(s);
				compile_rule(r);
				while(*s == ' ') s++;
				return write_rule(r, s, 1);
			}
			if(c == '?' && s[1] == '(') { /* lambda */
				cap = walk(s + 1), lambda.id = -1;
				lambda.a = dict_, s = parse_frag(s + 2);
				lambda.b = dict_, parse_frag(s), s = cap;
				compile_rule(&lambda);
				while(*s == ' ') s++;
				return apply_rule(&lambda, s);
			}
			for(r = rules; r < rules_; r++)
				if(apply_rule(r, s)) return 1;
		}
		*dst_++ = last = c;
		s++;
	}
	*dst_++ = 0;
	return 0;
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	FILE *f;
	int i, pl = 0, pr = 0;
	char c, *w = bank_a;
	if(argc < 2)
		return !printf("usage: modal [-vqn] source.modal\n");
	for(i = 1; i < argc && *argv[i] == '-'; i++) {
		switch(argv[i][1]) {
		case 'v': /* version */ return !printf("Modal Interpreter, 24 Apr 2024.\n");
		case 'q': /* quiet */ quiet = 1; break;
		case 'n': /* infinite */ cycles = 0xffffffff; break;
		}
	}
	if(!(f = fopen(argv[i], "r")))
		return !fprintf(stdout, "Modal file invalid: %s.\n", argv[i]);
	while(fread(&c, 1, 1, f)) {
		c = c <= 0x20 ? 0x20 : c;
		if(w > bank_a) {
			if(c == ' ' && *(w - 1) == '(') continue;
			if(c == ')' && *(w - 1) == ' ') w--;
			if(c == ' ' && *(w - 1) == ' ') w--;
		}
		if(c == '(') pl++;
		if(c == ')') pr++;
		*w++ = c;
	}
	while(*(--w) <= ' ') *w = 0;
	fclose(f);
	if(pr != pl)
		return !fprintf(stdout, "Modal program imbalanced.\n");
	while(rewrite())
		if(!cycles--) return !fprintf(stdout, "Modal rewrites exceeded.\n");
	while(rules_-- > rules && !quiet)
		if(!rules_->refs) printf("-- Unused rule: %d <> (%s) (%s)\n", rules_->refs, rules_->a, rules_->b);
	return 0;
}