( hoax.tal ) ( ) ( ADDRESSES ) ( ) ( hoax uses 16-bit references. within these two bytes, the top bits ) ( determine the type of reference and the bottom bits determine its ) ( location or value: ) ( ) ( BIT PATTERN RANGE DESCRIPTION ) ( 00...... ........ 0000-3fff 14-bit object address ) ( 00000000 00000000 (0000) null (empty list) ) ( 00000000 00000001 (0001) object in arena slot 1 ) ( 00100000 00000000 (2000) object in arena slot 8192 ) ( 010..... ........ 4000-5fff 13-bit constant index ) ( 01000000 00000000 (4000) symbol interned at offset 0 ) ( 01010000 00000000 (5000) symbol interned at offset 4096 ) ( 01011111 11111110 (5ffe) #f ) ( 01011111 11111111 (5fff) #t ) ( 011..... ........ 6000-7fff 13-bit uxn builtin address ) ( 01100000 00000000 (6000) cons ) ( 01100000 00000001 (6001) lambda ) ( 1....... ........ 8000-ffff signed 15-bit number ) ( 10000000 00000000 (8000) 0 ) ( 10000000 00000001 (8001) 1 ) ( 10111111 11111111 (bfff) 16383 ) ( 10100000 00000001 (c000) -16384 ) ( 11111111 11111111 (ffff) -1 ) ( ) ( object references contain an address to additional allocated ) ( memory which includes additional information such as the type. ) ( other references are either literal values (numbers) or else an ) ( index which can be directly interpreted. ) ( ) ( OBJECTS ) ( ) ( objects are 5-byte chunks of memory. each object contains a ) ( 4-bit tag which describes the object's type, a 4-bit flag which ) ( describes details of the type's layout, and 4 bytes of data. ) ( ) ( TAG FLAG BITS NAME DATA LAYOUT ) ( 00 n/a list head ptr (bc) + tail ptr (de) ) ( 10 00 - 04 short symbol length is 0-4 bytes of (bcde) ) ( 10 05 - 0f long symbol two bytes (bc) + next ptr (de) ) ( 20 00 - 04 short string length is 0-4 bytes of (bcde) ) ( 20 05 - 0f long string two bytes (bc) + next ptr (de) ) ( 30 00 int positive four byte (bcde) int ) ( 30 04 int positive lsb (bc) + next ptr (de) ) ( 30 08 int negative four byte (bcde) int ) ( 30 0c int negative lsb (bc) + next ptr (de) ) ( 40 n/a rational rational number (bc/de) ) ( 50 n/a bool (not allocated but used as type) ) ( 60 n/a builtin (not allocated but used as type) ) ( ) ( INVARIANTS ) ( ) ( 1. integers should always be stored in the most compact way ) ( a. for integer object n, abs(n) > 16383. ) ( 2. long string/symbols have non-empty terminators ) ( a. empty strings are only allowed on their own ) ( b. empty symbols are never allowed ) ( 3. rationals should be in normal form ) ( a. positive denominator > 1 ) ( b. non-zero numerator ) ( c. gcd(numerator, denominator) should be 1 ) ( ) ( EFFICIENCY ) ( ) ( EXPRESSION SIZE (including ref) ) ( #t 2 bytes ) ( #f 2 bytes ) ( 0 2 bytes ) ( 16383 2 bytes ) ( -16384 2 bytes ) ( 16384 7 bytes ) ( 4294967295 7 bytes ) ( 4294967296 12 bytes ) ( -4294967295 7 bytes ) ( -4294967296 12 bytes ) ( 281474976710655 12 bytes ) ( -281474976710655 12 bytes ) ( null 2 bytes ) ( (1 . null) 7 bytes ) ( (1 . (2 . null)) 12 bytes ) ( "" 7 bytes ) ( "a" 7 bytes ) ( "abcd" 7 bytes ) ( "abcde" 12 bytes ) ( TODO: special case empty string? ) %NL { #0a18 DEO } %SP { #2018 DEO } %BX { ;emit/byte JSR2 } %SX { ;emit/short JSR2 } %DEBUG { #010e DEO } %EXIT { #010f DEO BRK } %D { ;display JSR2 } %null { #0000 } %false { #5ffe } %true { #5fff } %zero { #8000 } |0000 @objects $2 |0100 ;init-hoax JSR2 ;on-char #10 DEO2 ;demo JSR2 ( DEBUG EXIT ) BRK @on-char ( -> ) #12 DEI #0a EQU ,&newline JCN #12 DEI ;buffer/pos LDA2 STAk ( c pos ; addr<-c ) INC2 ;buffer/pos STA2 POP BRK ( ) &newline #00 ;buffer/pos LDA2 STA ( ; addr<-00 ) ;buffer/input DUP2 ;buffer/pos STA2 ;echo JSR2 "read: 20 00 ;print JSR2 #0a18 DEO BRK @demo null ;null? JSR2 D null ;list? JSR2 D null ;number? JSR2 D null D #0000 ;u16-to-num JSR2 D #0001 ;u16-to-num JSR2 D #1234 ;u16-to-num JSR2 D #3fff ;u16-to-num JSR2 D #4000 ;u16-to-num JSR2 D #4001 ;u16-to-num JSR2 D #ffff ;u16-to-num JSR2 D #30 #5678 #9abc ;make-obj JSR2 STH2k D #34 #1234 STH2r ;make-obj JSR2 D #0003 ;u16-to-num JSR2 null ;cons JSR2 STH2k D #0002 ;u16-to-num JSR2 STH2r ;cons JSR2 STH2k D #0001 ;u16-to-num JSR2 STH2r ;cons JSR2 STH2k D #13 LIT2 "ab LIT2 "c 00 ;make-obj JSR2 D #23 LIT2 "ab LIT2 "c 00 ;make-obj JSR2 D #24 LIT2 "ab LIT2 "c 00 ;make-obj JSR2 D STH2kr ;emit/short JSR2 NL STH2kr D STH2kr ;len JSR2 D STH2r ;cdr JSR2 ;len JSR2 D JMP2r @emit &short SWP ,&byte JSR &byte DUP #04 SFT ,&char JSR &char #0f AND DUP #09 GTH #27 MUL ADD #30 ADD #18 DEO JMP2r @print ( addr -> ) LDAk ,&ok JCN POP2 JMP2r &ok LDAk #18 DEO INC2 ,print JMP ( usage: ;echo JSR2 "literal-string 00 ) @echo ( -> ) LDArk STHr DUP #18 DEO INC2r ,echo JCN JMP2r @init-hoax ( -> ) ( need to ensure that ;arenas is ) ( is divisible by 5, since: ) ( obj = (addr - arenas) / 5 ) ( addr = (obj * 5) + arenas ) ;arenas #0005 DIV2 #0005 MUL2 ;arenas EQU2 ,&ok JCN ;echo JSR2 "invalid 20 "arenas 20 28 00 ;arenas ;emit/short JSR2 ;echo JSR2 29 20 "not 20 "divisible 20 "by 20 "5 0a 00 EXIT &ok ( allocate 8192 5-byte object slots ) #2000 #0005 ;init-arena JSR2 ;objects STA2 ( set up buffers ) ;buffer/input ;buffer/pos STA2 JMP2r @buffer [ &pos $2 &input $80 ] @error ( -> ) #0000 DIV ( TODO ) ( CONVENTIONS ) ( ) ( word$ - 2-byte reference ) ( object# - 5-byte object ) ( ) ( errors will clear the stack and jump to ;error ) @display ( ref$ -> ) ;display0 JSR2 NL JMP2r @display0 ( ref$ -> ) DUP2 #7fff GTH2 ,&litnum JCN DUP2 #5fff GTH2 ,&builtin JCN DUP2 #3fff GTH2 ,&const JCN ;display0-object JMP2 &litnum #8000 EOR2 ;echo JSR2 "0x 00 ;emit/short JMP2 &builtin ;echo JSR2 "builtin< 00 ;emit/short JSR2 LIT "> #18 DEO JMP2r &const DUP2 false NEQ2 ,¬-false JCN POP2 ;echo JSR2 "#f 00 JMP2r ¬-false DUP2 true NEQ2 ,¬-true JCN POP2 ;echo JSR2 "#t 00 JMP2r ¬-true ;echo JSR2 "const< 00 ;emit/short JSR2 LIT "> #18 DEO JMP2r @display0-object ( ref$ -> ) DUP2 #0000 NEQ2 ,¬-null JCN POP2 ;echo JSR2 "null 00 JMP2r ¬-null ;obj-to-addr JSR2 ( addr* ) LDAk #50 LTH ,¬-unk JCN ;display0-unk JMP2 ¬-unk LDAk #40 LTH ,¬-rat JCN ;display0-rat JMP2 ¬-rat LDAk #30 LTH ,¬-int JCN ;display0-int JMP2 ¬-int LDAk #20 LTH ,¬-str JCN ;display0-str JMP2 ¬-str LDAk #10 LTH ,¬-sym JCN ;display0-sym JMP2 ¬-sym ;display0-lst JMP2 @display0-unk ( addr* -> ) ;echo JSR "unknown< 00 ;emit/short JSR2 LIT "> #18 DEO JMP2r @display0-rat ( addr* -> ) INC2 LDA2k ;display0 JSR2 LIT "/ #18 DEO INC2 INC2 LDA2 ;display0 JMP2 @display0-int ( addr* -> ) LDAk #80 LTH ,&non-neg JCN LIT "- #18 DEO &non-neg ;echo JSR2 "0x 00 &loop LDAk #04 AND ,&is-long JCN INC2 LDA2k ;emit/short JSR2 INC2 INC2 LDA2 ;emit/short JMP2 &is-long INC2 LDA2k ;emit/short JSR2 INC2 INC2 LDA2 ;obj-to-addr JSR2 ,&loop JMP ( TODO: \n \t etc. ) @display0-char ( c^ -> ) DUP #20 LTH ,&escape JCN DUP #7e GTH ,&escape JCN DUP #5c ( \ ) EQU ,&escape JCN DUP #22 ( " ) EQU ,&escape JCN DUP #27 ( ' ) EQU ,&escape JCN #18 DEO JMP2r &escape #5c18 DEO #7818 DEO ;emit/byte JMP2 ( shared by strings/symbols ) @display0-sym ( addr* -> ) LDAk #0f AND DUP #05 LTH ,&short JCN INC2 LDAk ,display0-char JSR ( addr+1 ) INC2 LDAk ,display0-char JSR ( addr+2 ) INC2 LDA2 ;obj-to-addr JSR2 ,display0-sym JMP &short #00 SWP SUB STH INC2 ( addr+1 [-len] ) &loop ( pos [-i] ) LDAk ,display0-char JSR ( pos [-i] ) INC2 INCr ( pos+1 [-i+1] ) STHkr ,&loop JCN ( pos+1 [-i+1] ) POP2 POPr JMP2r ( ) @display0-str ( addr* -> ) #2218 DEO ;display0-sym JSR2 #2218 DEO JMP2r @display0-lst ( addr* -> ) INC2 LDA2k ( addr+1* head$ ) SWP2 INC2 INC2 ( head$ addr+3* ) LDA2 SWP2 ( tail$ head$ ) LIT 28 #18 DEO ( tail$ head$ ) ;display0 JSR2 ( tail$ ) ;echo JSR2 20 ". 20 00 ;display0 JSR2 LIT 29 #18 DEO JMP2r @read-object ( ref$ -> tag^ ohi$ olo$ ) ORAk #00 EQU ,&error JCN OVR #c0 AND ,&error JCN ;obj-to-addr JSR2 ( addr ) STH2k LDA ( tag^ [addr] ) INC2r STH2kr LDA2 ( tag^ ohi$ [addr+1] ) INC2r INC2r STH2r LDA2 ( tag^ ohi$ olo$ ) JMP2r &error POP2 ;error JMP2 @byte-to-bool ( x^ -> bool$ ) #5ffe ( x 5f fe ) ROT ( 5f fe x ) #00 NEQ ( 5f fe 0-or-1 ) ORA ( 5f fe-or-ff ) JMP2r @u16-to-num ( x* -> num$ ) DUP2 #4000 LTH2 ,&small JCN STH2 #30 #0000 STH2r ;make-obj JMP2 &small #8000 ORA2 JMP2r @addr-to-obj ( addr* -> obj$ ) ;objects SUB2 #0005 DIV2 JMP2r @obj-to-addr ( obj$ -> addr* ) #0005 MUL2 ;objects ADD2 JMP2r @make ( tag^ -> addr* ) ;objects LDA2 ( tag^ arena* ) ;alloc JSR2 ( tag^ addr* ) STH2k STA ( [addr*] ) STH2r JMP2r ( addr* ) @make-obj ( tag^ ohi$ olo$ -> object$ ) ;objects LDA2 ( tag^ ohi$ olo$ arena* ) ;alloc JSR2 ( tag^ ohi$ olo$ addr* ) STH2k #0003 ADD2 STA2 ( tag^ ohi$ [addr*] ; addr+3<-olo ) STH2kr INC2 STA2 ( tag^ [addr*] ; addr+1<-ohi ) STH2kr STA ( [addr*] ; addr<-tag ) STH2r ;addr-to-obj JMP2 ( object$ ) @get-type ( ref$ -> type^ ) DUP2 #0000 NEQ2 ,¬-nul JCN POP2 #00 JMP2r ¬-nul DUP2 #5ffe NEQ2 ,¬-f JCN POP2 #50 JMP2r ¬-f DUP2 #5fff NEQ2 ,¬-t JCN POP2 #50 JMP2r ¬-t DUP2 #8000 LTH2 ,¬-int JCN POP2 #30 JMP2r ¬-int DUP2 #6000 LTH2 ,¬-tal JCN POP2 #60 JMP2r ¬-tal DUP2 #4000 LTH2 ,¬-sym JCN POP2 #10 JMP2r ¬-sym ;read-object JSR2 POP2 POP2 #f0 AND JMP2r @assert-cons ( ref$ -> ) DUP2 #c000 AND2 ,¬-obj JCN ( ref$ ) DUP2 ;read-object JSR2 POP2 POP2 ( ref$ tag^ ) #f0 AND ,¬-obj JCN JMP2r ( ref$ ) ¬-obj POP2 ;error JMP2 ( ref$ ) @builtins @null? ( r$ -> bool$ ) #0000 EQU2 ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @list? ( r$ -> bool$ ) ;get-type JSR2 #00 EQU ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @symbol? ( r$ -> bool$ ) ;get-type JSR2 #10 EQU ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @string? ( r$ -> bool$ ) ;get-type JSR2 #20 EQU ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @number? ( r$ -> bool$ ) ;get-type JSR2 DUP #30 EQU SWP #40 EQU ORA ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @int? ( r$ -> bool$ ) ;get-type JSR2 #30 EQU ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @rational? ( r$ -> bool$ ) ;get-type JSR2 #40 EQU ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @bool? ( r$ -> bool$ ) ;get-type JSR2 #50 EQU ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @tal? ( r$ -> bool$ ) ;get-type JSR2 #60 EQU ;byte-to-bool JMP2 @len ( lst$ -> n$ ) LIT2r 0000 ( lst$ [0] ) &loop ( xs$ [n*] ) ORAk ,&continue JCN ( xs$ [n*] ) POP2 STH2r ( n* ) ;u16-to-num JMP2 ( n$ ) &continue ( xs$ [n*] ) INC2r ;cdr JSR2 ( tail$ [n+1*] ) ,&loop JMP ( tail$ [n+1*] ) @cons ( h$ t$ -> cons$ ) STH2 STH2 ( [t$ h$] ) #00 STH2r STH2r ( 00 h$ t$ ) ;make-obj JMP2 ( cons$ ) @car ( lst$ -> h$ ) ;read-object JSR2 ( tag^ ohi$ olo$ ) POP2 STH2 ( tag^ [ohi$] ) ,cdr/shared JMP @cdr ( ref$ -> t$ ) ;read-object JSR2 ( tag^ ohi$ olo$ ) NIP2 STH2 ( tag^ [olo$] ) &shared ( tag^ [olo$] ) #f0 AND ,&error JCN ( [ptr$] ; tag should be 0 ) STH2r JMP2r ( ptr$ ) &error ( [ptr$] ) POP2r ;error JMP2 ( ) @last ( lst$ -> lst1$ ) DUP2 ;cdr JSR2 ( lst$ cdr$ ) ORAk ,&non-empty JCN ( lst$ cdr$ ) POP2 JMP2r ( lst$ ) &non-empty ( lst$ cdr$ ) NIP2 ;last JMP2 ( res$ ) @car! ( lst$ x$ -> ) STH2 ;assert-cons JSR2 ( lst$ [x$] ) ;obj-to-addr JSR2 ( addr* [x$] ) INC2 ( addr+1 [x$] ) STH2r SWP2 STA2 ( ; addr+3<-x ) @cdr! ( lst$ x$ -> ) STH2 ;assert-cons JSR2 ( lst$ [x$] ) ;obj-to-addr JSR2 ( addr* [x$] ) #0003 ADD2 ( addr+3 [x$] ) STH2r SWP2 STA2 ( ; addr+3<-x ) @append! ( lst$ x$ -> ) #0000 ;cons JSR2 ;extend! JMP2 @extend! ( lst$ tail$ -> ) SWP2 ;last JSR2 SWP2 ;cdr! JMP2 |1004 ( ;arenas needs to be a multiple of 5 ) ~alloc.tal