pmacs3/application.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
import curses, curses.ascii, getpass, os, re, string, sys, termios, time
import math
import traceback
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT

import buffer, buffer.about, buffer.color, buffer.console, buffer.data
import buffer.fs
import bufferlist, color, completer, ispell, keyinput, method, minibuffer
import mode, util, window
from point import Point

class Application(object):
    def __init__(self, stdscr, buffers=[], **kwargs):
        # initalize curses primitives
        self.stdscr = stdscr
        self.y, self.x = self.stdscr.getmaxyx()

        # initialize some basic stuff
        self.config             = {}
        self.highlighted_ranges = [] 
        self.mini_active        = False
        self.mini_buffer        = None
        self.mini_prompt        = ""
        self.error_string       = ""
        self.error_timestamp    = None
        self.need_draw          = True
        self.input              = keyinput.Handler()

        # let's prepopulate some default token colors
        self.token_colors       = {
            'comment':        ('red', 'default', 'bold'),
            'comment.start':  ('red', 'default', 'bold'),
            'comment.data':   ('red', 'default', 'bold'),
            'comment.null':   ('red', 'default', 'bold'),
            'comment.end':    ('red', 'default', 'bold'),
            'continuation':   ('red', 'default', 'bold'),
            'string.start':   ('green', 'default', 'bold'),
            'string.data':    ('green', 'default', 'bold'),
            'string.null':    ('green', 'default', 'bold'),
            'string.hex':     ('magenta', 'default', 'bold'),
            'string.octal':   ('magenta', 'default', 'bold'),
            'string.escaped': ('magenta', 'default', 'bold'),
            'string.end':     ('green', 'default', 'bold'),
            'char':           ('green', 'default', 'bold'),
            'integer':        ('default', 'default', 'bold'),
            'float':          ('default', 'default', 'bold'),
            'number':         ('default', 'default', 'bold'),
            'label':          ('magenta', 'default', 'bold'),
            'keyword':        ('cyan', 'default', 'bold'),
            'reserved':       ('cyan', 'default', 'bold'),
            'function':       ('blue', 'default', 'bold'),
            'builtin':        ('magenta', 'default', 'bold'),
            'method':         ('cyan', 'default', 'bold'),
            'bareword':       ('default', 'default', 'bold'),
            'delimiter':      ('default', 'default', 'bold'),
        }
        self.default_color = ('default', 'default',)

        # initialize configuration defaults
        self._load_config_defaults()

        # initialize our colors
        if curses.has_colors():
            curses.start_color()
            try:
                curses.use_default_colors()
                color.default_color = True
            except:
                color.default_color = False

        # this is how we can change color settings
        if curses.can_change_color():
            #curses.init_color(curses.COLOR_YELLOW, 222, 400, 900)
            #curses.init_color(curses.COLOR_GREEN, 222, 400, 900)
            #curses.init_color(curses.COLOR_RED, 222, 400, 222)
            pass
        else:
            #raise Exception("urk")
            self.set_error("Dynamic color not available")
        color.init()

        # initialize our modes
        # the first dict stores our modes by (lowercase) name, and the other
        # dicts all store various ways to "auto-detecting" the correct mode,
        # in the precedence with which they are used.
        self.modes           = {}
        self.mode_paths      = {}
        self.mode_basenames  = {}
        self.mode_extensions = {}
        self.mode_detection  = {}

        # initialize our methods
        self.methods = {}
        names = (
            'method', 'method.svn', 'method.cvs', 'method.search',
            'method.buffers', 'method.move', 'method.shell',
            'method.introspect', 'method.help', 'method.numbers',
            'method.spell',
        )
        for name in names:
            exec("import %s" % name)
            mod = eval(name)
            for mname in dir(mod):
                cls = eval("%s.%s" % (name, mname))
                if hasattr(cls, '_is_method') and cls._is_method:
                    self.methods[cls._name()] = cls()

        # ok, now let's load all the "standard" modes
        mode.install(self)
        names = ('blame', 'c', 'console', 'consolemini', 'css',
                 'diff', 'dir', 'elisp', 'hex', 'html', 'java', 'javascript',
                 'lisp', 'make', 'mini', 'mutt', 'nasm', 'ocaml', 'perl',
                 'python', 'replace', 'rst', 'scheme', 'search', 'sh', 'sql',
                 'tt', 'text', 'text2', 'which', 'xml', 'cheetah', 'colortext',
                 'latex', 'insertmini', 'conf', 'haskell', 'erlang',
                 'iperl', 'iperlmini', 'ipython', 'ipythonmini', 'awk',
                 'shell', 'shellmini', 'fstab', 'yacc', 'pipe',
                 'mbox', 'error', 'lua', 'lily'
        )
        for name in names:
            exec("import mode.%s; mode.%s.install(self)" % (name, name))

        # create all the insert methods for the character ranges we like
        for c in string.letters + string.digits + string.punctuation:
            obj = method.InsertString(c)
            self.methods[obj.name] = obj
            obj = method.OverwriteChar(c)
            self.methods[obj.name] = obj

        # buffer list stuff
        height             = self.y - 1
        width              = self.x
        self.bufferlist    = bufferlist.BufferList(height, width)
        self.active_slot   = 0
        self.complete_slot = None

        # run user custom code here
        self.rcerror = None
        self.loadrc()

        # initialize our buffers
        # note that only the first buffer will be initially visible
        buffers.append(buffer.about.AboutBuffer())
        if self.rcerror:
            buffers.insert(0, buffer.data.DataBuffer('*RcError*', self.rcerror))

        # build windows for our buffers
        for b in buffers:
            if b.modename:
                window.Window(b, self)
            else:
                window.Window(b, self, mode_name=kwargs.get('init_mode'))
            self.bufferlist.add_buffer(b)
        self.bufferlist.set_slot(self.active_slot, buffers[0])

        # see if the user has requested that we go to a particular line
        jump_to_line = kwargs.get('jump_to_line')
        if not self.rcerror and jump_to_line:
            w = self.bufferlist.slots[0].window
            self.methods['goto-line'].execute(w, lineno=jump_to_line)

        # initialize our kill ring and last action
        self.kill_ring           = []
        self.kill_commands       = ['kill', 'kill-region']
        self.last_action         = None
        self.last_search         = None
        self.last_replace_before = None
        self.last_replace_after  = None
        self.registers           = {}

        # initialize tab handlers
        completer.set_completer('path', completer.FileCompleter(self))
        completer.set_completer('buffer', completer.BufferCompleter(self))
        completer.set_completer('command', completer.CommandCompleter(self))
        completer.set_completer('shell', completer.ShellCompleter(self))
        completer.set_completer('config', completer.ConfigCompleter(self))
        completer.set_completer('method', completer.MethodCompleter(self))
        completer.set_completer('register', completer.RegisterCompleter(self))
        completer.set_completer('mode', completer.ModeCompleter(self))
        completer.set_completer('token', completer.TokenCompleter(self))

        # set up curses
        self.win = curses.newwin(self.y, self.x, 0, 0)
        self.win.leaveok(0)
        curses.meta(1)
        curses.cbreak()
        curses.noecho()
        curses.nonl()
        curses.halfdelay(1)
        curses.def_prog_mode()

    def _load_config_defaults(self):
        self.config['ignore_suffix']    = ['~', '-']
        self.config['error_timeout']    = -1
        self.config['max_error_len']    = 192
        self.config['max_num_kills']    = 64
        self.config['word_letters']     = string.letters + string.digits
        self.config['default_color']    = ('default', 'default',)
        self.config['margin']           = 80
        self.config['margin_color']     = 'blue'
        self.config['use_last_replace'] = False

    def completion_window_is_open(self):
        n = self.complete_slot
        if n is None:
            pass
        elif n >= len(self.bufferlist.slots):
            self.complete_slot = None
        elif self.bufferlist.slots[n].window is None:
            self.complete_slot = None
        elif not hasattr(self.bufferlist.slots[n].window.buffer, '_completion'):
            self.complete_slot = None
        else:
            return True
        return False

    def get_completion_window(self):
        return self.bufferlist.slots[self.complete_slot].window

    def open_completion_buffer(self, s, candidates):
        opened   = False
        previous = None
        if len(self.bufferlist.slots) == 1:
            self.add_slot()
            opened = True

        n = len(self.bufferlist.slots) - 1
        if self.active_slot == n:
            n -= 1

        if not opened:
            previous = self.bufferlist.slots[n].window.buffer

        lines = []
        clen = len(candidates)
        if clen > self.bufferlist.slots[n].height:
            maxlen = 0
            for c in candidates:
                maxlen = max(maxlen, len(c))

            # NOTE: this is not an optimal packing, but it's fast and easy to
            # understand. i encourage someone else to write something better.
            numcols = max(self.bufferlist.slots[n].width // (maxlen + 2), 1)
            numrows = clen - ((clen // numcols) * (numcols - 1))
            for i in range(0, numrows):
                names = []
                index = i * numcols
                for j in range(0, numcols):
                    if index + j < clen:
                        names.append('%-*s' % (maxlen, candidates[index + j]))
                    else:
                        break
                lines.append('  '.join(names))
        else:
            lines = list(candidates)
        data = '\n'.join(lines)

        b             = self.data_buffer("*Completions*", data, switch_to=False)
        b._completion = s
        b._opened     = opened
        b._previous   = previous
        self.bufferlist.set_slot(n, b)
        self.complete_slot = n

    def close_completion_buffer(self):
        w = self.get_completion_window()
        opened = w.buffer._opened
        if opened:
            self.bufferlist.remove_slot(self.complete_slot)
        else:
            self.bufferlist.set_slot(self.complete_slot, w.buffer._previous)
        self.close_buffer(w.buffer)
        self.complete_slot = None

    def set_completer(self, datatype, comp):
        completer.set_completer(datatype, comp)

    # this sets up a mode, as well as optionally adding information on when to
    # auto-load the mode
    def setmode(self, name, cls, paths=[], bases=[], exts=[], detection=[]):
        self.modes[name] = cls
        for p in paths:
            self.mode_paths[p] = name
        for b in bases:
            self.mode_basenames[b] = name
        for e in exts:
            self.mode_extensions[e] = name
        for d in detection:
            self.mode_detection[d] = name

    def globals(self):
        return globals()
    def locals(self):
        return locals()

    def add_slot(self):
        b = self.bufferlist.slots[self.active_slot].window.buffer
        n = self.bufferlist.add_slot()
        self.bufferlist.set_slot(n, b)
    def remove_slot(self, n):
        slots = self.bufferlist.slots
        assert len(slots) > 1, "oh no you didn't!"
        assert n >= 0 and n < len(slots), "invalid slot %r %r" % (n, len(slots))
        self.bufferlist.remove_slot(n)
        if self.active_slot > n:
            self.active_slot = max(0, self.active_slot - 1)
    def single_slot(self):
        while len(self.bufferlist.slots) > 1:
            if self.active_slot == 0:
                self.remove_slot(1)
            else:
                self.remove_slot(0)

    def get_window_height_width(self, i):
        slots = self.bufferlist.slots
        assert i >= 0 and i < len(slots), "invalid slot: %r" % slotname
        slot = slots[i]
        return (slot.height, slot.width)

    # files and stuff
    def close_buffer(self, b):
        blist = self.bufferlist
        blist.remove_buffer(b)
        b.close()
        active_slot = blist.slots[self.active_slot]
        for i in range(0, len(blist.slots)):
            if blist.slots[i].is_empty():
                if blist.hidden_buffers:
                    blist.set_slot(i, blist.hidden_buffers[0])
                else:
                    blist.set_slot(i, active_slot.window.buffer)
            assert blist.slots[i].window is not None
    def close_buffer_by_name(self, name):
        if self.has_buffer_name(name):
            self.close_buffer(self.get_buffer_by_name(name))
    
    def open_path(self, path, binary=False, cipher=None, password=None):
        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.realpath(util.expand_tilde(path)))
        b = self.get_buffer_by_path(path)
        if b is None:
            name = os.path.basename(path)
            if self.has_buffer_name(name):
                i = 1
                auxname = '%s/%d' % (name, i)
                while self.has_buffer_name(auxname):
                    i += 1
                    auxname = '%s/%d' % (name, i)
                name = auxname

            mode_name = None
            if cipher is None:
                if not os.path.exists(path) or os.path.isfile(path):
                    if binary:
                        b = buffer.Binary32Buffer(path, name=name)
                    else:
                        b = buffer.FileBuffer(path, name=name)
                elif os.path.isdir(path):
                    b = buffer.fs.DirBuffer(path, name=name)
                    mode_name = 'dir'
                else:
                    raise Exception, "not a file or dir: %r" % path
            elif cipher == 'aes':
                if not password:
                    raise Exception, "password is required"
                if not os.path.exists(path) or os.path.isfile(path):
                    b = buffer.AesBuffer(path, password, name=name)
                else:
                    raise Exception, "not a file or dir: %r" % path
            try:
                b.open()
            except buffer.BinaryDataException:
                if binary:
                    raise
                else:
                    binary = True
                    b = buffer.Binary32Buffer(path, name=name)
                    b.open()
                    if mode_name is None:
                        mode_name = 'hex'
            window.Window(b, self, height=0, width=0, mode_name=mode_name)
            self.add_buffer(b)
        return b

    # mini buffer handling
    def get_mini_buffer(self):
        return self.mini_buffer
    def mini_buffer_is_open(self):
        return self.mini_buffer is not None
    def open_mini_buffer(self, prompt, cb, method=None, tabber=None,
                         modename=None, startvalue=None):
        if self.mini_buffer_is_open():
            self.close_mini_buffer()
        self.mini_prompt = prompt
        self.mini_buffer = minibuffer.MiniBuffer(cb, method, tabber, modename)
        try:
            w = self.x - 1 - len(self.mini_prompt) - 1
            window.Window(self.mini_buffer, self, height=1, width=w)
            if startvalue:
                self.mini_buffer.set_data(startvalue)
            self.mini_active = True
        except minibuffer.MiniBufferError:
            self.mini_buffer = None
            self.mini_prompt = ''
    def exec_mini_buffer(self):
        self.mini_buffer.callback(self.mini_buffer.make_string())
        self.close_mini_buffer()
    def close_mini_buffer(self):
        self.mini_active = False
        if self.mini_buffer_is_open():
            self.mini_buffer.close()
        self.mini_buffer = None
        self.mini_prompt = ""
        assert not self.mini_active
    def get_mini_buffer_prompt(self):
        return self.mini_prompt
    def set_mini_buffer_prompt(self, p):
        self.mini_prompt = p

    # window handling
    def toggle_window(self):
        blist = self.bufferlist
        assert 0 <= self.active_slot and self.active_slot < len(blist.slots)
        self.active_slot = (self.active_slot + 1) % len(blist.slots)
    def window(self):
        return self.bufferlist.slots[self.active_slot].window
    def active_window(self):
        if self.mini_active:
            return self.mini_buffer.windows[0]
        else:
            slot = self.active_slot
            assert 0 <= slot and slot < len(self.bufferlist.slots), \
                "0 <= %d < %d" % (slot, len(self.bufferlist.slots))
            i = self.active_slot
            return self.bufferlist.slots[i].window

    # buffer handling
    def new_file_buffer(self, path, data, switch_to=True):
        assert not self.has_buffer_name(path), '%r is already open' % path
        assert not os.path.exists(path), '%r already exists' % path
        # touch the file
        f = open(path, 'w')
        f.write(data)
        f.close()
        # create the buffer
        b = buffer.FileBuffer(path)
        try:
            b.open()
        except buffer.BinaryDataException:
            b = buffer.Binary32Buffer(path)
            b.open()
            b.modename = 'hex'
        window.Window(b, self, height=0, width=0)
        self.add_buffer(b)
        if switch_to:
            self.switch_buffer(b)
        return b
    def data_buffer(self, name, data, switch_to=True, modename=None):
        if self.has_buffer_name(name):
            b = self.bufferlist.buffer_names[name]
            self.remove_buffer(b)
        b = buffer.data.DataBuffer(name, data)
        if modename is not None:
            b.modename = modename
        window.Window(b, self, height=0, width=0)
        self.add_buffer(b)
        if switch_to:
            self.switch_buffer(b)
        return b
    def color_data_buffer(self, name, data, switch_to=True, modename='colortext'):
        if self.has_buffer_name(name):
            b = self.bufferlist.buffer_names[name]
            self.remove_buffer(b)
        b = buffer.color.ColorDataBuffer(name, data)
        if modename is not None:
            b.modename = modename
        window.Window(b, self, height=0, width=0)
        self.add_buffer(b)
        if switch_to:
            self.switch_buffer(b)
    def get_buffer_by_path(self, path):
        return self.bufferlist.get_buffer_by_path(path)
    def has_buffer_name(self, name):
        return self.bufferlist.has_buffer_name(name)
    def get_buffer_by_name(self, name):
        return self.bufferlist.get_buffer_by_name(name)
    def has_buffer(self, b):
        return self.bufferlist.has_buffer(b)
    def add_buffer(self, b):
        self.bufferlist.add_buffer(b)
    def remove_buffer(self, b):
        assert self.bufferlist.has_buffer(b), "can't kill what's not there"
        assert len(self.bufferlist.buffers) > 1, "can't kill with no other buffers"
        self.bufferlist.remove_buffer(b)
        b.close()
        if self.bufferlist.empty_slot(self.active_slot):
            b2 = self.bufferlist.hidden_buffers[0]
            self.bufferlist.set_slot(self.active_slot, b2)
    def switch_buffer(self, b):
        assert self.has_buffer_name(b.name()), "buffer %s does not exist" % (b.name())
        assert 0 <= self.active_slot and self.active_slot < len(self.bufferlist.slots)
        #self.add_window_to_buffer(b, self.active_slot)
        self.bufferlist.set_slot(self.active_slot, b)

    def add_window_to_buffer(self, b, slotname):
        if not b.has_window(slotname):
            slot = self.bufferlist.slots[slotname]
            window.Window(b, self, height=slot.height, width=slot.width)

    # error string handling
    def set_error(self, s):
        self.error_string = s
        self.error_timestamp = time.time()
    def clear_error(self):
        self.error_string = ""
        self.error_timestamp = None
    def try_manual_resize(self):
        y, x = self.stdscr.getmaxyx()
        if y != self.y or x != self.x:
            self.y, self.x = y, x
            self.resize_slots()
    def resize_event(self):
        (self.y, self.x) = self.stdscr.getmaxyx()
        self.resize_slots()
    def resize_slots(self):
        n = len(self.bufferlist.slots)
        assert n > 0
        x = self.x - 1
        y_sum = self.y - n
        self.bufferlist.resize(y_sum, x)

    # exit
    def exit(self):
        self.done = True

    # kill stack manipulation
    def push_kill(self, s):
        if s is not None:
            if self.last_action in self.kill_commands and \
                len(self.kill_ring):
                self.kill_ring[-1] = self.kill_ring[-1] + s
            else:
                self.kill_ring.append(s)
        maxnum = self.config.get('max_num_kills')
        if maxnum and len(self.kill_ring) > maxnum:
            self.kill_ring.pop(0)
    def pop_kill(self):
        return self.kill_ring.pop(-1)
    def has_kill(self, i=-1):
        return len(self.kill_ring) >= abs(i)
    def get_kill(self, i=-1):
        return self.kill_ring[i]

    # undo/redo
    def undo(self):
        try:
            self.window().undo()
        except Exception, e:
            self.set_error("%s" % (e))
    def redo(self):
        try:
            self.window().redo()
        except Exception, e:
            self.set_error("%s" % (e))

    # action creating methods
    def make_insert_action(self, c):
        return lambda: self.window().insert_string(c)
    def make_window_action(self, methodname):
        f = getattr(self.window(), methodname)
        f()

    # we are evil
    def eval(self, s):
        return eval(s)

    # load user configuration NOW
    def loadrc(self):
        path = os.path.join(os.getenv('HOME'), '.pmc', 'conf')
        if os.path.exists(path):
            try:
                f = open(path, 'r')
                #execfile(path)
                exec(f)
                f.close()
            except Exception, e:
                s = traceback.format_exc()
                self.rcerror = 'There was an error during startup:\n\n%s' % s
        
    # the mighty run-loop!
    def run(self):
        self.done = False
        self.draw()
        if os.getenv('PMC_EARLY_OUT'):
            return
        while not self.done:
            i = self.win.getch()

            #if not self.mini_active and self.completion_window_is_open():
            #    self.close_completion_buffer()

            if i == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
                while i == curses.KEY_RESIZE:
                    i = self.win.getch()
                self.resize_event()
                self.need_draw = True
            try:
                self.input.parse(i)
            except Exception, e:
                self.set_error(str(e))

            if self.input.tokens:
                self.need_draw = True
            while self.input.tokens:
                t = self.input.tokens.pop(0)
                self.active_window().mode.handle_token(t)

            if self.need_draw:
                self.draw()
                self.need_draw = False

        # gjeiwgjeiw
        for b in self.bufferlist.buffers:
            b.close()

        # clear the error line; it might look confusing to the user
        try:
            self.win.addstr(self.y-1, 0, ' ' * self.x)
        except:
            pass
        self.win.refresh()
        return

    # highlighting
    def add_highlighted_range(self, hr):
        self.highlighted_ranges.append(hr)
    def clear_highlighted_ranges(self, name=None):
        if name is None:
            self.highlighted_ranges = []
        else:
            i = 0
            while i < len(self.highlighted_ranges):
                if self.highlighted_ranges[i].name == name:
                    del self.highlighted_ranges[i]
                else:
                    i += 1

    # running external programs
    def run_pipe(self, args, b, name='*Output*', switch='yes', modename=None):
        pipe = Popen(args=args, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT)
        pipe.stdin.write(b.make_string())
        pipe.stdin.close()
        output = pipe.stdout.read()
        status = pipe.wait()
        if callable(switch):
            switch_to = switch(status)
        else:
            switch_to = bool(switch)
        self.data_buffer(name, output, switch_to=switch_to, modename=modename)
        return status
    def run_external(self, *args):
        curses.reset_shell_mode()
        try:
            pipe = Popen(args)
            pipe.wait()
        except OSError, e:
            self.set_error("%s: %s" % (args[0], e))
        curses.reset_prog_mode()
        self.win.redrawwin()
        self.draw()

    # full screen drawer
    def draw(self):
        try:
            n = len(self.get_minibuffer_lines())
            assert n > 0
            if n != self.bufferlist.mini_height:
                self.bufferlist.resize_mini(n)
            self.draw_slots()
            self.draw_minibuffer()
            self.draw_cursor()
            self.win.refresh()
        except Exception, e:
            raise
            # ok, so there was a problem...
            # let's see if the screen changed sizes and if so, resize our slots
            self.resize_event()

        # clear the error message if appropriate
        tout   = self.config.get('error_timeout', 0)
        tstamp = self.error_timestamp
        if tstamp and tout and time.time() - tstamp > tout:
            self.clear_error()

        self.try_manual_resize()

    def draw_cursor(self):
        if self.mini_active:
            b = self.mini_buffer
            w = b.windows[0]
            p = w.logical_cursor()
            x = p.x + len(self.mini_prompt)
            y = p.y
            if y >= len(b.lines):
                return

            lines = self.get_minibuffer_lines()
            while x > self.x - 1:
                y += 1
                x -= self.x - 1
            vy, vx = self.y - len(lines) + y, x
        else:
            slot = self.bufferlist.slots[self.active_slot]
            w = slot.window
            swidth = slot.width - w.mode.lmargin - w.mode.rmargin
            if w.active_point is not None and w.point_is_visible(w.active_point):
                p = w.active_point
            else:
                p = w.logical_cursor()

            blen = len(w.buffer.lines)
            count = w.mode.header
            (x, y) = w.first.xy()
            (vy, vx) = (None, None)
            while count < slot.height:
                if p.y == y and p.x >= x and p.x <= x + swidth:
                    vy, vx = slot.y_offset + count, p.x - x + w.mode.lmargin
                    if vx == swidth and p.x < len(w.buffer.lines[y]):
                        vx = 0
                        vy += 1
                    break

                if y >= blen or x + swidth >= len(w.buffer.lines[y]):
                    x = 0
                    y += 1
                else:
                    x += swidth
                count += 1
        if vy is None or vx is None:
            return
        try:
            self.win.move(vy, vx)
        except:
            raise Exception, "(%r=%r) no (%r)" % ((vx, vy), p, (self.x, self.y))

    # sub-drawing methods
    def draw_slots(self):
        self.win.erase()
        for i in range(0, len(self.bufferlist.slots)):
            slot = self.bufferlist.slots[i]
            self.draw_slot(i)
            self.draw_status_bar(i)
            
    def highlight_char(self, sy, sx, fg='default', bg='default'):
        junk = self.win.inch(sy, sx)
        char = chr(junk & 255)
        attr = color.build(fg, bg)
        try:
            self.win.addstr(sy, sx, char, attr)
        except Exception, e:
            raise Exception, "(%d, %d, %r, %r) v. (%d, %d)" % \
                (sy, sx, fg, bg, self.y, self.x)

    def highlight_chars(self, sy, sx1, sx2, fg='default', bg='default'):
        assert sx2 < self.x, "%d < %d" % (sx2, self.x)
        for x in range(sx1, sx2):
            self.highlight_char(sy, x, fg, bg)

    # NOTE: this is totally broken
    def map_point(self, w, p):
        count = 0
        x, y = w.first.xy()
        while count < slot.height:
            if p1.y == y and p1.x >= x and p1.x - x < slot.width:
                return (count, x)
            if x + slot.width > len(w.buffer.lines[y]):
                x = 0
                y += 1
            else:
                x += slot.width
            count += 1

    def draw_slot(self, i):
        assert self.active_slot < len(self.bufferlist.slots), \
            "strange: %d < %d" % (self.active_slot, len(self.bufferlist.slots))
        assert i < len(self.bufferlist.slots), \
            "puzzling: %d < %d" % (i, len(self.bufferlist.slots))
        slot = self.bufferlist.slots[i]
        if slot.window is None:
            return
        w = slot.window
        modename = w.mode.name()

        # draw the header
        if w.mode.header:
            rstrs = w.mode.get_header()
            assert len(rstrs) >= w.mode.header
            for j in range(0, w.mode.header):
                rstrs[j].draw(self.win, slot.y_offset + j, slot.x_offset, slot.width)

        # draw the actual slot
        self._draw_slot(i)

        # highlighted regions
        for hr in self.highlighted_ranges:
            (high_w, p1, p2, fg, bg) = hr
            if w is high_w and p2 >= w.first and p1 <= w.last:
                count = w.mode.header
                x, y = w.first.xy()
                px = p1.x
                while count < slot.height:
                    if p1.y == y and px >= x and px - x < slot.width:
                        sy, sx = slot.y_offset + count, px - x + w.mode.lmargin
                        if slot.width > p2.x - x:
                            self.highlight_chars(sy, sx, p2.x-x, fg, bg)
                            break
                        else:
                            self.highlight_chars(sy, sx, slot.width - 1, fg, bg)
                            px += slot.width - px + x - 1
                    if x + slot.width > len(w.buffer.lines[y]):
                        x = 0
                        y += 1
                    else:
                        x += slot.width - 1
                    count += 1

        if w.margins_visible:
            shade = util.get_margin_color(w, 'blue')
            limit = util.get_margin_limit(w, 80)
            if limit < self.x:
                for j in range(0, slot.height):
                    char = chr(self.win.inch(j + slot.y_offset, limit) & 255)
                    attr = color.build('default', shade, 'bold')
                    self.win.addstr(j + slot.y_offset, limit + w.mode.lmargin,
                                    char, attr)
        
    def _draw_slot(self, i):
        slot     = self.bufferlist.slots[i]
        w        = slot.window
        redattr  = color.build_attr(color.pairs('red', 'default'))
        x, y     = w.first.xy()
        lm, rm   = w.mode.lmargin, w.mode.rmargin
        lines    = w.buffer.lines
        count    = w.mode.header
        swidth   = slot.width - lm - rm
        modename = w.mode.name()
        lit      = w.mode.name() in w.buffer.highlights
        ended    = False

        # figure out which "physical line" is the first to be shown. note that
        # the cursor shouldn't be in the last column unless it's the end of a
        # line.
        k = x // swidth
        #if x < len(lines[y]) and x == swidth - 1:
        #    k += 1

        while count < slot.height:
            if lit:
                rlines = w.render_line_lit(y, swidth)
            else:
                rlines = w.render_line_raw(y, swidth)
            for j in range(k, len(rlines)):
                if lm:
                    lcont = j > 0
                    for rstr in slot.window.mode.get_lmargin(w, y, x, ended, lcont):
                        rstr.draw(self.win, slot.y_offset + count, 0)
                for rstr in rlines[j]:
                    rstr.draw(self.win, slot.y_offset + count, 0 + lm)
                if rm:
                    rcont = j < len(rlines) - 1
                    for rstr in slot.window.mode.get_rmargin(w, y, x, ended, rcont):
                        rstr.draw(self.win, slot.y_offset + count, slot.width - rm)
                count += 1
                if count >= slot.height:
                    break
            k = 0
            y += 1
            ended = ended or y >= len(w.buffer.lines)

    def draw_status_bar(self, slotname):
        slot = self.bufferlist.slots[slotname]
        if slot.window is None:
            return
        status = slot.window.mode.get_status_bar()
        status = status.ljust(slot.width)[:slot.width]
        self.win.addstr(slot.height + slot.y_offset, 0, status, curses.A_REVERSE)

    # input bar drawing
    def draw_minibuffer(self):
        lines = self.get_minibuffer_lines()
        attr = color.build('default', 'default')
        if self.error_string:
            attr = color.build('default', 'default')
        for i in range(0, len(lines)):
            line = lines[i]
            try:
                self.win.addstr(self.y - len(lines) + i, 0, line, attr)
            except:
                pass
        if self.error_string or not self.mini_buffer_is_open():
            return
        pattr = color.build('cyan', 'default', 'bold')
        plines = self.get_minibuffer_x_lines(self.mini_prompt)
        for i in range(0, len(plines)):
            pline = plines[i]
            try:
                self.win.addstr(self.y - len(lines) + i, 0, pline, pattr)
            except:
                pass

    def get_minibuffer_x_lines(self, s):
        i     = 0
        lines = []
        while i < len(s):
            lines.append(s[i:i + self.x - 1])
            i += self.x - 1
        return lines

    def get_minibuffer_lines(self):
        lines2 = []
        if self.error_string:
            maxlen = self.config['max_error_len']
            if len(self.error_string) < maxlen:
                s = self.error_string
            else:
                s = self.error_string[:maxlen] + '...'
        elif self.mini_buffer_is_open():
            s = self.mini_prompt + self.mini_buffer.lines[0]
            lines2 = self.mini_buffer.lines[1:]
        else:
            return [' ' * (self.x - 1)]
        lines = self.get_minibuffer_x_lines(s)
        lines.extend(lines2)
        return lines

def open_aes_file(path, name=None, binary=False):
    if os.path.isfile(path) or not os.path.exists(path):
        p = getpass.getpass("Please enter the AES password: ")
        return buffer.AesBuffer(path, p, name)
    else:
        raise Exception, "can't open %r; unsupported file type" % path
def open_plain_file(path, name=None, binary=False):
    if os.path.isfile(path) or not os.path.exists(path):
        if binary:
            return buffer.Binary32Buffer(path, name)
        else:
            return buffer.FileBuffer(path, name)
    elif os.path.isdir(path):
        return buffer.fs.DirBuffer(path, name)
    else:
        raise Exception, "can't open %r; unsupported file type" % path

def run_app(stdscr, buffers, **kwargs):
    curses.def_shell_mode()
    a = Application(stdscr, buffers, **kwargs)
    metax = a.methods['meta-x']
    for cmd in kwargs.get('init_cmds', []):
        #act = a.methods[name]
        #act.execute(a.active_window())
        metax.execute(a.active_window(), method=cmd)
        #a.last_action = act.name
    a.run()
    return 0

if __name__ == "__main__":
    ciphers   = {
        'none': open_plain_file,
        'aes':  open_aes_file,
    }

    # preprocess args
    argv = list(sys.argv[1:])
    goto_line = None
    i = 0
    while i < len(argv):
        if argv[i] == '-nw':
            del argv[i]
        elif argv[i].startswith('+'):
            goto_line = int(argv.pop(i))
        else:
            i += 1

    import optparse

    parser = optparse.OptionParser()
    parser.set_defaults(debug=False)
    parser.set_defaults(goto=None)
    parser.set_defaults(mode=None)
    parser.set_defaults(cipher='none')
    parser.set_defaults(linetype='unix')
    parser.set_defaults(binary=False)
    parser.set_defaults(cmds=[])

    def exec_cb(option, opt, value, parser):
        parser.values.cmds.append(value)

    parser.add_option('-b', '--binary', dest='binary', action='store_true',
                      help='open file(s) in hex binary mode')
    parser.add_option('-d', '--debug', dest='debug', action='store_true',
                      help='run in debug mode')
    parser.add_option('-e', '--encrypt', dest='cipher', metavar='CIPHER',
                      help='decrypt and encrypt with CIPHER (default: none)')
    parser.add_option('-g', '--goto', dest='goto', metavar='NUM', type='int',
                      help='jump to line NUM of the first argument')
    parser.add_option('-m', '--mode', dest='mode', metavar='MODE',
                      help='open arguments in MODE')
    #parser.add_option('-x', '--exec', dest='cmd', metavar='CMD',
    #                  help='run CMD after launching')
    parser.add_option('-x', '--exec', action='callback', callback=exec_cb,
                      type='string', metavar='CMD', help='run CMD after launching')

    (opts, args) = parser.parse_args(argv)

    # if debugging, disable error handling to produce backtraces
    if opts.debug:
        mode.DEBUG = True

    # if -b but no -m, then use -m hex
    if opts.binary and not opts.mode:
        opts.mode = 'hex'

    # we will support using +19 as the first argument to indicate opening the
    # first file on line 19 (same as -g 19 or --goto 19)
    if goto_line:
        opts.goto = goto_line

    # figure out what kind of file open function to use
    if opts.cipher not in ciphers:
        sys.stderr.write('invalid cipher: %r' % opts.cipher)
        sys.exit(2)
    f = ciphers[opts.cipher]

    # open each path using our callback to get a buffer, open that buffer, etc.
    buffers = []
    names   = set()
    paths   = set()

    for path in args:
        path = os.path.abspath(os.path.realpath(util.expand_tilde(path)))
        if path in paths:
            continue
        name = os.path.basename(path)
        if name in names:
            i = 1
            auxname = '%s/%d' % (name, i)
            while auxname in names:
                i += 1
                auxname = '%s/%d' % (name, i)
            name = auxname

        try:
            b = f(path, name, opts.binary)
            b.open()
        except buffer.BinaryDataException, e:
            if not opts.mode:
                opts.mode = 'hex'
            b = f(path, name, True)
            b.open()

        buffers.append(b)
        paths.add(path)
        names.add(name)

    # save terminal state so we can restore it when the program exits
    attr = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
    keyinput.disable_control_chars()

    # ok, now run our app
    try:
        d = {'jump_to_line': opts.goto, 'init_mode': opts.mode,
             'init_cmds': opts.cmds}
        curses.wrapper(run_app, buffers, **d)
        err = 0
    except:
        traceback.print_exc()
        err = 1

    # restore terminal state
    termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSANOW, attr)
    ispell.free()
    sys.exit(err)